JNK Phospho-Regulation Immunocytochemistry Kit

Background:
The stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK) or Jun-amino-terminal kinases (JNK) are potently activated by stressors such as UV and gamma radiation. Similar to other MAP Kinases, the core signaling unit is composed of a MAPKKK, usually MEKK1-4 or a mixed lineage kinase (MLK), which phosphorylate and activate MKK4-7, leading to dual phosphorylation and activation of JNK kinases. Rho-GTPases (Rac1 and cdc42) can stimulate MEKKs and MLKs, while MKKs can be activated by a GTPase-independent pathway that involves the germinal center kinase family. There are three JNK genes (JNK1,2,3) with further diversification resulting from alternative splicing. Active JNK dimers can translocate to the nucleus to regulate transcription through phosphorylation of c-Jun, ATF-2, and other transcription factors.

Background References
Whitmarsh, A.J. & Davis, R.J. (1998) Trends Biochem. Sci. 23:481.
Kyriakis, J.M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:5259.
Davis, R.J. (1999) Biochem. Soc. Symp. 64:1.
Ichijo, H. (1999) Oncogene 18:6087.

Buffer/Storage:
Mouse monoclonal and secondary reagents are supplied in phosphate-buffered saline, 50% glycerol, 1 mg/ml BSA, and 0.05% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Stable for 1 year.